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Indian Ocean

Applicable Field Guides
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Central Indian Ocean, East Coast of India and Bangladesh, Eastern Africa, Northern Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, Pakistan, Red Sea to southern Oman, Southern Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, West Coast of India, Western Malay Peninsula
Included Within
Indo-West Pacific Oceans
Approximate Coordinates
8.118850°N, 77.528185°E
The red marker indicates the coordinates used to represent this location, yellow markers all other locations contained within this location. Purple markers indicate fossil-only locations or sub-locations.

Includes Subareas

Currently Recognized Species

Names Which Have Been Used for This Area

Specific Names Which Have Been Used for This Area

References

Abraham & Prakasan (2020)*, Adirwiryono et al. (1984)*, Adiyodi (1988)*, Agustianingsih (2006)*, Ahmed & Kahn (1976)*, Ahmed & Khan (1978)*, Aizawa (2000)*, Ajmal Khan & Ravichandran (2009)*, Akash & Chowdhury (2017)*, Aksornkoae (1993)*, Al-Aidaroos (2013)*, Alcock (1892)*, Alcock (1900), Alcock (1902)*, Alcock & Anderson (1894)*, Al-Ghais & Cooper (1996)*, Al-Khayat (1996)*, Al-Musawi & Wagner (2012)*, Al-Nafisi et al. (2009)*, Altevogt (1955)*, Altevogt (1955)*, Altevogt (1956)*, Altevogt (1957)*, Altevogt (1957)*, Altevogt (1959)*, Altevogt (1959)*, Altevogt (1963)*, Altevogt (1963)*, Altevogt (1964)*, Altevogt (1972)*, Altevogt (1978)*, Altevogt & Davis (1979)*, Altevogt & von Hagen (1964)*, Andreetta et al. (2014)*, Anilkumar et al. (2006)*, Apel & Türkay (1999)*, Aprilyanto et al. (2017)*, Aprilyanto et al. (2017)*, Aschenbroich et al. (2016)*, Ashton et al. (2003)*, Ashton et al. (2003)*, Aurivillius (1893)*, Awuor et al. (2020)*, Baakdah (2018)*, Backwell et al. (1998)*, Bairagi (1995), Bairagi & Misra (1988)*, Balasubrahmanyan (1994)*, Balss (1922)*, Balss (1924)*, Balss (1935)*, Balss (1938)*, Bandekar et al. (2011)*, Barnard (1925)*, Barnard (1950)*, Barnwell (1976)*, Barnwell (1980)*, Barnwell (1982)*, Bartolini et al. (2011)*, Baylis (1939)*, Begg (1981)*, Beinlich & von Hagen (2006), Beleem et al. (2019)*, Beleem et al. (2014)*, Bergey & Weis (2008)*, Bliss (1968)*, Booksmythe et al. (2008)*, Booksmythe et al. (2010)*, Boone (1934), Borradaile (1900)*, Borradaile (1903), Borradaile (1907)*, Borradaile (1910)*, Boshe (1982)*, Bott (1973), Bouchard (2009)*, Bouchard et al. (2009)*, Bouchard et al. (2013)*, Boutan (1892)*, Bouvier (1915)*, Bouvier (1921)*, Boyce (1924)*, Braithwaite & Talbot (1972)*, Branch & Grindley (1979)*, Buitendijk (1947)*, Burford et al. (2001)*, Cannicci et al. (2009)*, Cano (1889)*, Castiglioni et al. (2010)*, Catat (1895)*, Chace (1942), Chandy (1973)*, Chertoprud et al. (2012), Chhapgar (1957)*, Chhapgar (1958)*, Chhapgar (1959 (1956))*, Chhapgar (1969)*, Chopra & Das (1937)*, Clark & Presswell (2001)*, Collins et al. (1984)*, Colosi (1924)*, Coulon (1907)*, Crane (1941)*, Crane (1957)*, Crane (1958)*, Crane (1975), Crosnier (1965), Dana (1852), Daniel (1981)*, Das (2001)*, Das (2006)*, Das & Dev Roy (1989)*, Das et al. (2016)*, Davie (1982)*, Davis (1987)*, Day (1969)*, Day (1974)*, Day & Morgans (1956)*, De (2000)*, De (2009)*, De (2024)*, de Gibert et al. (2013)*, De Haan (1833-1850)*, de la Cruz-Hueryana et al. (2019)*, De Man (1880)*, De Man (1887)*, De Man (1887-1888), De Man (1891)*, De Man (1892)*, De Man (1895)*, De Man (1902), De Man (?)*, Deb (1995), Deb (1998), Deb (1999), DeCoursey (1983)*, Del Prato (1896)*, Dérijard (1966), Dev Roy (2013)*, Dev Roy (2014)*, Dev Roy (2015)*, Dev Roy & Bhadra (2001)*, Dev Roy & Bhadra (2005)*, Dev Roy & Bhadra (2008)*, Dev Roy & Bhadra (2011)*, Dev Roy & Nandi (2008)*, Dev Roy & Nandi (2008)*, Dev Roy & Nandi (2012)*, Dev Roy et al. (2009)*, Dev Roy & Rath (2017)*, Devi et al. (2021)*, Devi (1987)*, Devi & Rao (1989)*, Devi & Rao (1989)*, Devi & Rao (1989)*, Dewiyanti et al. (2018)*, Diele et al. (2013)*, Dineshbabu et al. (2011)*, Dinh et al. (2020)*, Doflein (1899), Doflein (1904), Dunham & Gilchrist (1988)*, Edmondson (1923)*, Edmondson (1925)*, Edmondson (1962)*, Edney (1960)*, Edney (1961)*, Edney (1962)*, El Serehy et al. (1994)*, El-Sayed et al. (2016)*, Emmerson (1990)*, Emmerson (1994)*, Eshky (1992)*, Eshky et al. (1995)*, Estampador (1937), Estampador (1959), Eydoux (1835)*, Fanjul et al. (2015)*, Farrow (1971)*, Feest (1969)*, Fingerman (1970)*, Fishelson (1971)*, Forest & Guinot (1961), Forsskål (1775)*, Fourmanoir (1952)*, Fourmanoir (1953)*, Fourmanoir (1954)*, Fransen et al. (1997)*, Fredrick & Ravichandran (2013)*, Frith (1977)*, Frith & Brunenmeister (1980)*, Frith & Frith (1977)*, Frith & Frith (1977)*, Frith & Frith (1978)*, Frith et al. (1976)*, Geist et al. (2012)*, George & Jones (1982)*, Gerstaecker & Ortmann (1901)*, Ghory & Siddiqui (2006)*, Ghotbeddin et al. (2011)*, Gordon (1955)*, Gordon (1958)*, Gordon (1934), Grant & McCulloch (1906)*, Gravely (1927)*, Gravier (1920)*, Green & Schochet (1991)*, Greenaway (1988)*, Guérin-Méneville (1830)*, Günther (1963)*, Hanim et al. (2020)*, Haragi et al. (2010)*, Hartnoll (1969)*, Hartnoll (1973)*, Hartnoll (1975)*, Hartnoll (1982)*, Hartnoll (1988)*, Hartnoll (1988)*, Hartnoll (1988)*, Hartnoll et al. (2002)*, Haswell (1882)*, Heit (1974)*, Heller (1861)*, Heller (1862), Heller (1862)*, Heller (1865), Henderson (1893)*, Herklots (1851)*, Herklots (1861)*, Herrnkind (1968)*, Hilgendorf (1869), Hilgendorf (1878)*, Ho et al. (1993)*, Hockey (1996)*, Hodgson (1987)*, Hoffmann (1874), Hogarth (1986)*, Hogarth & Beech (2002)*, Hogarth & Beech (2005)*, Hogue & Bright (1971)*, Holmes et al. (2014)*, Holthuis (1958)*, Holthuis (1978)*, Honegger (1976)*, Hornby (1997)*, Huang & Shih (2021)*, Hughes (1966)*, Hyatt (1973)*, Hyatt (1975)*, Icely & Jones (1978)*, Imamura et al. (2011)*, Iribarne & Martinez (1999)*, Ismail et al. (1991)*, Ismail & Ahmed (1993)*, Istituto Oikos & BANCA (2011)*, IUCN Bangladesh (2015)*, Jansen (1970)*, Jaroensutasinee & Jaroensutasinee (2003)*, Jaroensutasinee & Jaroensutasinee (2004)*, Jaroensutasinee & Tantichodok (2002)*, Jones & Clayton (1983)*, Jones & George (1982)*, Jordão & Oliveira (2003)*, Kaiser & Lehmann (1975)*, Kalik (1958)*, Kalik (1958)*, Kanwal et al. (2012)*, Karthikeyan P. (1995)*, Kathiresan (2000)*, Keeratipattarakarn et al. (2018)*, Keeratipattarakarn et al. (2020)*, Kemp (1915)*, Kemp (1918)*, Kemp (1919)*, Kensley (1981)*, Khan (1995)*, Khan (2003)*, Khan et al. (2009)*, Khan et al. (2005)*, Kim et al. (2020)*, Kingsley (1880), Ko & Kim (1989)*, Kochey (2013)*, Koelbel (1898)*, Koga et al. (1995)*, Kon et al. (2009)*, Kon et al. (2007)*, Kon et al. (2009)*, Korte (1966)*, Kossmann (1877), Kossmann (1878)*, Krauss (1843)*, Krishnamoorthy (2009)*, Krishnan (1990)*, Krishnan (1990)*, Krishnan (1992)*, Krishnan (1992), Krishnan (1992)*, Krishnan (1994)*, Krishnan & Ramachandran (1990)*, Kristensen et al. (2008)*, Kruitwagen et al. (2010)*, Kruitwagen et al. (2007)*, Kuhapong et al. (2021)*, Kumar et al. (2006)*, Kumar et al. (2005)*, Kumar (2019)*, Kumaralingam et al. (2012)*, Lanchester (1900), Lanchester (1900), Lanchester (1902), Lauren & Sumarmin (2020)*, Laurie (1906)*, Laurie (1915)*, Lavajoo et al. (2013)*, Lehmann (1976)*, Lehmann et al. (1974)*, Lenz (1905), Lenz (1910), Lenz & Richters (1881)*, Levinton et al. (1995)*, Levinton et al. (1996)*, Lewinsohn (1977), Lundoer (1974)*, Maccagno (1928), Macia et al. (2001)*, Macintosh (1978)*, Macintosh et al. (2002)*, MacLeay (1838)*, Macnae (1962)*, Macnae (1963)*, Macnae (1966)*, Macnae (1967)*, Macnae (1968)*, Macnae & Kalk (1958)*, Macnae & Kalk (1962)*, Magnus (1980)*, Maitland (1990)*, Mandal & Nandi (1989)*, Mantel & Farmer (1983)*, Mariappan et al. (2000)*, Marin et al. (2019)*, Marochi et al. (2017)*, Marshall & Orr (1960)*, McNeill (1920)*, McNeill (1968)*, Michaels & Zieman (2013)*, Michie et al. (2015)*, Miers (1879)*, Miers (1880)*, Miers (1884)*, Miers (1884)*, Miers (1886), Millard & Broekhuysen (1970)*, Milne Edwards (1837), Milne Edwards (1852), Milne Edwards (1854), Milne-Edwards (1862)*, Milne-Edwards (1868)*, Milne-Edwards (1873)*, Milner et al. (2010)*, Milner et al. (2010)*, Milner et al. (2012)*, Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry (2014)*, Mitra & Misra (2006)*, Mitra et al. (2010)*, Mohrherr (1987)*, Mokhlesi et al. (2011)*, Mokhtari et al. (2008)*, Monod (1956)*, Montague (1980)*, Mookui et al. (2012 [2555])*, Morgan (1990)*, Moses (1924)*, Müller (1887)*, Murniati (2009)*, Murniati (2010)*, Murniati (2015)*, Murniati & Pratiwi (2015)*, Naderloo (2017)*, Naderloo et al. (2015)*, Naderloo et al. (2016), Naderloo & Türkay (2012)*, Naderloo et al. (2010), Naderloo et al. (2013)*, Nagabhushanam & Krishnan (1993)*, Nagabhushanam (1964)*, Nagabhushanam (1966)*, Nagabhushanam (1966)*, Nagabhushanam (1969)*, Nagabhushanam & Rao (1967)*, Nagaraju & Reddy (2002)*, Nageswara Rao (2001)*, Naiyanetr (2007)*, Nakasone (1982)*, Nammalwar (1977)*, Nandi & Dev Roy (2009)*, Nandi et al. (2008)*, Naser et al. (2010)*, Neethling & Jubb (1972)*, Neumann (1878)*, Ng & Davie (2002)*, Ng et al. (2008), Ngo-Massou et al. (2018)*, Nielsen et al. (2003)*, Nobbs (2003)*, Nobili (1899)*, Nobili (1899)*, Nobili (1901)*, Nobili (1903)*, Nobili (1903)*, Nobili (1906), Nobili (1906), Nobili (1907)*, Odhano et al. (2015)*, Ólafsson (1995)*, Ortmann (1894), Ortmann (1894), Ortmann (1897), Osborne & Smith (1990)*, Overstreet (1983)*, Pandya & Vachhrajani (2013)*, Panikkar & Aiyar (1937)*, Panikkar & Aiyar (1939)*, Papadopoulos et al. (2002)*, Parisi (1918), Patel et al. (2024)*, Pati et al. (2012)*, Patra et al. (2017)*, Paula et al. (2004)*, Paul'son (1875)*, Pawar (2012)*, Pawar (2017)*, Pearse (1932)*, Pearse (1936)*, Peer et al. (2015)*, Peer et al. (2014), Penha-Lopes et al. (2009)*, Pesta (1911)*, Pesta (1913)*, Peters (1955)*, Pfeffer (1889), Pillai & Nair (1968)*, Pillai & Nair (1973)*, Pillai (1951)*, Pillay & Nair (1971)*, Pillay & Nair (1971)*, Pillay & Nair (1973)*, Pillay & Nair (1973)*, Pocock (1903)*, Poharkar et al. (2014)*, Por (1986)*, Por et al. (1977)*, Poupin (2010)*, Poupin et al. (2018)*, Poupin et al. (2012)*, Powers (1975)*, Powers & Cole (1976)*, Prasadan & Janardanan (2001)*, Prasanna et al. (2017)*, Pratiwi (2007)*, Pratiwi (2010)*, Pratiwi & Aswandy (2010)*, Pratiwi & Rahmat (2015)*, Pratiwi & Widyastuti (2013)*, Pratiwi & Widyastuti (2015)*, Pratiwi et al. (2018)*, Pretzmann (1971)*, Price et al. (1987)*, Prieto et al. (2004)*, Przibram (1905)*, Pülmanns et al. (2014)*, Raben (1934)*, Radhakrishnan et al. (2006)*, Raghunathan (2015)*, Ragionieri et al. (2015)*, Rajendran (1972)*, Rama Rao et al. (1992)*, Ramakrishna & Alfred (2007)*, Ramakrishna et al. (2010)*, Ramakrishna et al. (2003)*, Rao (2010)*, Rao & Rath (2013)*, Rao & Rath (2014)*, Rao et al. (1985)*, Rao et al. (1967)*, Rao & Nagabhushanam (1967)*, Rath & Dev Roy (2008)*, Rath & Dev Roy (2010)*, Rath & Dev Roy (2011)*, Rathbun (1902)*, Rathbun (1906)*, Rathbun (1907)*, Rathbun (1909)*, Rathbun (1910)*, Rathbun (1910)*, Rathbun (1914)*, Rathbun (1918)*, Rathbun (1924)*, Rathbun (1935)*, Raut (1943)*, Ravichandran & Kannupandi (2007)*, Ravichandran et al. (2001)*, Richmond (1997)*, Richters (1880)*, Roopa S.V. (2012)*, Rosenberg (1997)*, Rosenberg (2000)*, Rosenberg (2001)*, Rosenberg (2002)*, Rosenberg (2013)*, Rosenberg (2014)*, Rosenberg (2019), Rosenberg (2020)*, Rumisha et al. (2015)*, Rupp (2012)*, Rupp (2013)*, Rupp (2013)*, Rupp (2013)*, Rupp (2014)*, Rupp (2014)*, Rupp (2015)*, Rüppell (1830)*, Rüppell (1831)*, Saher et al. (2017)*, Saher et al. (2014)*, Sahoo et al. (2008)*, Sakai (1934)*, Sakai (1936)*, Sakai (1936 [1935])*, Sakai (1939), Salmon (1965)*, Salmon & Stout (1962)*, Salmon & Zucker (1988)*, Sankarankutty (1961)*, Sankarankutty (1967)*, Saravanakumar et al. (2007)*, Sari (2004)*, Sarkar et al. (2019)*, Sarojini (1966)*, Sasekumar (1974)*, Sasekumar & Chong (1998)*, Sastranegara et al. (2003)*, Sastry (1983)*, Satheeshkumar (2012)*, Satheeshkumar & Khan (2011)*, Saville-Kent (1897)*, Schlacher et al. (2016)*, Schöne (1961)*, Schöne & Schöne (1963)*, Sen & Homechaudhuri (2015)*, Sen et al. (2014)*, Sendler (1923)*, Serène (1973)*, Serène (1973), Sewell (1913)*, Sewell (1934)*, Shen (1932)*, Shen (1940)*, Shen (1940)*, Shet et al. (2016)*, Shih et al. (2018)*, Shih et al. (2023)*, Shih et al. (2013)*, Shih et al. (2010)*, Shih et al. (2016), Shih et al. (2010), Shih et al. (2019)*, Shih & Poupin (2020)*, Shih et al. (2022), Shilla & Routh (2018)*, Shukla et al. (2013)*, Silas & Sankarankutty (1965)*, Silva & Calado (2013)*, Simões et al. (2001)*, Simonson (1985)*, Singh & Banerjee (1993)*, Skov & Hartnoll (2001)*, Soundarapandian et al. (2008)*, Spaargaren (1977)*, Stebbing (1905)*, Stebbing (1910)*, Stebbing (1917), Stebbing (1921)*, Stella (1953)*, Stephensen (1946)*, Subramanian (1984)*, Summers (1980)*, Suvatti (1950)*, Symons (1920)*, Talapatra et al. (2014)*, Tan & Ng (1994)*, Tan et al. (2018)*, Taylor (1968)*, Templeton (2017)*, Tennent (1861)*, Terada (1979)*, Tesch (1918)*, Thallwitz (1891)*, Thompson (1901)*, Tikader et al. (1986)*, Tikader & Das (1985)*, Tina (2020)*, Tina et al. (2017)*, Tina et al. (2015)*, Tina et al. (2015)*, Tina et al. (2015)*, Tina et al. (2016)*, Tina et al. (2016)*, Tina et al. (2016)*, Tina et al. (2016)*, Tina et al. (2017)*, Tina et al. (2017)*, Tina et al. (2018)*, Tina et al. (2018)*, Tina et al. (2018)*, Tina et al. (2018)*, Tina et al. (2017)*, Tina et al. (2018)*, Tina et al. (2018)*, Tina et al. (2015)*, Tina & Keeratipattarakarn (2019)*, Tina et al. (2019)*, Tina & Muramatsu (2020)*, Ting et al. (2020)*, Torres et al. (2008)*, Torres et al. (2009)*, Trivedi et al. (2015)*, Trivedi et al. (2012)*, Trivedi et al. (2018)*, Trivedi & Vachhrajani (2017)*, Tweedie (1937)*, Tweedie (1950)*, Tweedie (1950)*, Tweedie (1954)*, Ummerkutty & Deb (1972)*, Vahidi et al. (2020)*, Vala (1999)*, Vannini (1976)*, Vannini (1980)*, Vannini et al. (2001)*, Vannini & Valmori (1981)*, Varadharajan & Soundarapandian (2014)*, Vatova (1943)*, Venkataraman & Krishnamoorthy (1998)*, Venkataraman et al. (2012)*, Venkataraman et al. (2002)*, Verwey (1930)*, Vijayan (2004)*, Vishnoi (1972)*, von Hagen (1962)*, von Hagen (1968)*, von Hagen (1970)*, von Hagen (1970)*, von Hagen (1976)*, Vonk (1960)*, Vorsatz (2009)*, Wada (1993)*, Wada (2019)*, Wada (2020)*, Walker (1972)*, Wang et al. (2020)*, Ward (1942)*, Warner (1969)*, Warner (1977)*, Wear (1968)*, Weis (2019)*, Weis & Weis (2004)*, Wheeler (1978)*, White (1847), Wilde et al. (2023)*, Wilkens & Fingerman (1965)*, Williams & Heng (1981)*, Williams et al. (1980)*, Wunderlich & Pinheiro (2013)*, Yamaguchi (1971)*, Yamaguchi & Takeda (1973), Yeragi (1988)*, Yeragi & Koli (1999)*, Yeragi et al. (2002)*, Zucker (1973)*, Zucker (1974)*, Zucker (1978)*, Zulfahmi et al. (2021)*, Zulkifli et al. (2012)*

Entries marked with represent indirect references to location through citation. Entries marked with * are inferred from subareas.