Fiddler Crabs Home

Atlantic coast of United States

Applicable Field Guides
Atlantic Coast of the USA
Included Within
Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States
Approximate Coordinates
36.549839°N, 75.915700°W
The red marker indicates the coordinates used to represent this location, yellow markers all other locations contained within this location. Purple markers indicate fossil-only locations or sub-locations.

Includes Subareas

Currently Recognized Species

Names Which Have Been Used for This Area

Specific Names Which Have Been Used for This Area

References

Abbott (1913), Abele & Kim (1986), Abramowitz (1936), Abramowitz (1937), Abramowitz (1937), Abramowitz (1938), Abramowitz (1940), Abramowitz & Abramowitz (1938), Abramowitz et al. (1944), Abramowitz & Abramowitz (1940), Abreu (1975), Ache (1982), Adams & Quay (1958), Adiyodi & Adiyodi (1970), Adiyodi (1985), Adiyodi (1988), Ahmed (1976), Ahmed (1978), Ahmed & Khan (1978), Aicher et al. (1983), Aicher & Tautz (1984), Aikawa (1942), Al-Aidaroos (2013), Allen & Levinton (2002), Allen & Levinton (2004), Allen et al. (1995), Allen & Curran (1973), Allen & Curran (1974), Almeida & Coelho (2008), Al-Musawi & Wagner (2012), Altevogt (1955), Altevogt (1955), Altevogt (1957), Altevogt (1957), Altevogt (1959), Altevogt (1962), Altevogt (1963), Altevogt (1964), Altevogt (1966), Altevogt (1969), Altevogt (1970), Altevogt & von Hagen (1964), Anderson et al. (2017), Aoki et al. (2003), Asano et al. (2019), Aschaffenburg (2008), Aschoff (1965), Aspey (1971), Aspey (1978), Atkinson & Naylor (1973), Aurivillius (1893), Avent (1974), Avent (1975), Ayers (1938), Balci et al. (2014), Baldwin & Kirschener (1976), Baldwin & Kirschener (1976), Barden & Koulish (1983), Barlow (1977), Barnard et al. (2010), Barnes (1975), Barnwell (1963), Barnwell (1966), Barnwell (1968), Barnwell (1968), Barnwell (1976), Barnwell (1982), Barnwell & Brown (1963), Bartell (1967), Bartell et al. (1971), Basan (1973), Basan & Frey (1977), Bayley (1972), Beinlich & von Hagen (2006), Bell et al. (1978), Benetti & Negreiros-Fransozo (2003), Bennett (1963), Bennett & Brown (1959), Bennett & Brown (1959), Bennett et al. (1957), Bent (1926), Bergey & Weis (2006), Bergey & Weis (2007), Bergey & Weis (2008), Bergin (1981), Bertness (1992), Bildstein (1983), Bildstein (1984), Bildstein (1987), Bildstein et al. (1990), Bishop (1993), Bliss (1960), Bliss (1968), Bliss (1979), Boone (1930), Borgianini et al. (2005), Borgianini et al. (2007), Borgianini et al. (2007), Bosc (1802), Bott (1973), Bourdon & Bowman (1970), Bowerman (1977), Breteler et al. (1981), Brett et al. (1959), Brickell (1737), Bright & Hogue (1972), Brodie (2004), Brodie & Godley (2006), Brodie & Staton (2004), Brodie & Staton (2003), Brookins & Epifanio (1985), Brousseau et al. (2003), Brown (1940), Brown (1948), Brown (1950), Brown (1950), Brown (1959), Brown (1960), Brown (1961), Brown et al. (1955), Brown et al. (1956), Brown et al. (1954), Brown et al. (1956), Brown & Cunningham (1941), Brown & Ederstrom (1940), Brown et al. (1954), Brown et al. (1953), Brown et al. (1955), Brown et al. (1949), Brown et al. (1949), Brown & Hines (1952), Brown & Jones (1949), Brown & Sandeen (1948), Brown et al. (1954), Brown et al. (1949), Brown & Scudamore (1940), Brown & Stephens (1951), Brown & Webb (1948), Brown & Webb (1948), Brown & Webb (1949), Brown et al. (1955), Brown et al. (1958), Brown et al. (1954), Brown et al. (1955), Brown & Loveland (1980), Bumpus (1898), Buranelli & Mantelatto (2019), Burgers (1958), Burkenroad (1947), Burns (1976), Burns & Teal (1979), Bursey (1982), Bursey (1985), Burton (2015), Cain & Cohen (2014), Callahan & Weis (1983), Camacho et al. (2015), Cameron & Mangum (1983), Cammen et al. (1982), Cammen et al. (1980), Cammen et al. (1984), Cano (1889), Carlisle & Knowles (1959), Carlson (1935), Carlson (1936), Catesby (1743), Chabot et al. (2016), Chace & Hobbs (1969), Charniaux-Cotton & Payen (1985), Christiansen & Yang (1976), Christy (1978), Christy (1979), Christy (1982), Chrzanowski & Cowley (1977), Clark (1896), Clark (1935), Claussen et al. (2008), Claybrook (1976), Claybrook (1983), Coelho et al. (2008), Cohen & Kern (2012), Colby & Fonseca (1981), Coluccy et al. (2015), Conan (1985), Coohill (1982), Coohill et al. (1970), Coohill & Fingerman (1975), Coohill & Fingerman (1976), Cooper-Boemmels et al. (2001), Correia & Guimarães (2016), Costa et al. (2001), Costlow (1961), Costlow (1963), Coues (1871), Coventry (1944), Coward et al. (1970), Cowley & Chrzanowski (1979), Cowley & Chrzanowski (1980), Cowley & Frye (1978), Crane (1941), Crane (1943), Crane (1943), Crane (1944), Crane (1957), Crane (1958), Crane (1975), Croll & Klinger (1994), Croll & McClintock (2000), Croll & McClintock (2000), Crotty et al. (2020), Curran & Martin (2003), Dall (1971), Dame & Vernberg (1973), Dame & Vernberg (1978), Darby (1935), Darby (1935), Darley (1985), Darley et al. (1981), Davis (1978), Davis & Costlow (1974), Davis & Hagadorn (1982), De (2000), De (2009), de Gibert et al. (2013), De Haan (1833-1850), De Kay (1844), De Santo (1992), De Santo et al. (1997), de Vries & Forward (1988), de Vries & Forward (1990), Dean & Vernberg (1965), Dean & Vernberg (1966), DeCoursey (1976), DeCoursey (1979), DeCoursey (1980), DeCoursey (1981), DeCoursey (1983), DeCoursey & Vernberg (1972), Deecaraman & Milton (1992), Dembowski (1925), Dembowski (1926), Démeusy (1957), Denger & Tankersley (2005), DePew & Towle (1979), Desmarest (1823), Desmarest (1825), Detto et al. (2004), Devi et al. (1993), Devi (1987), Devi & Rao (1989), Devi & Rao (1989), Dexter (1985), Dietrich (1979), Dittel & Epifanio (1982), Dittel et al. (2000), Doflein (1899), Doherty (1982), Dores & Herman (1980), Dores & Herman (1981), Dreher et al. (2015), Dudley & Judy (1971), Dumortier (1963), Dumortier (1963), Duncker (1903), Dunham & Gilchrist (1988), Dunn et al. (1990), Duval (1994), Duval (1995), Duval (1996), Duval & Rittschof (1997), Dybas (2018), Eastman-Reks & Fingerman (1984), Edney (1960), Edney (1961), Edwards (1950), Eisen et al. (1970), Eisen et al. (1973), Eisen & Jeffrey (1969), El Serehy et al. (1994), Elango (1990), Ellis & Claybrook (1979), Ellis & Claybrook (1980), Emmerson (1990), Emmerson (1994), Engel (1973), Engel et al. (1971), Enright (1965), Epifanio (1988), Epifanio (1988), Epifanio et al. (1988), Epifanio et al. (2013), Eshky (1992), Estampador (1937), Estampador (1959), Evans et al. (1976), Everest (1978), Everest & Davis (1979), Fabricius (1775), Farron et al. (2020), Feest (1969), Felder et al. (2009), Felder et al. (1985), Fell et al. (2003), Fell & Williams (1985), Fernandes et al. (2020), Ferraris & Norenburg (1997), Fielder et al. (1971), Fielder et al. (1971), Fingerman (1955), Fingerman (1956), Fingerman (1957), Fingerman (1957), Fingerman (1959), Fingerman (1960), Fingerman (1965), Fingerman (1966), Fingerman (1970), Fingerman (1970), Fingerman (1973), Fingerman (1974), Fingerman (1988), Fingerman et al. (1971), Fingerman & Couch (1967), Fingerman et al. (1966), Fingerman & Fingerman (1972), Fingerman & Fingerman (1974), Fingerman & Fingerman (1975), Fingerman & Fingerman (1977), Fingerman et al. (1974), Fingerman & Fitzpatrick (1956), Fingerman et al. (1981), Fingerman et al. (1981), Fingerman et al. (1998), Fingerman et al. (1958), Fingerman et al. (1964), Fingerman & Rao (1969), Fingerman & Rao (1969), Fingerman et al. (1967), Fingerman et al. (1969), Fingerman & Rosenberg (1988), Fingerman et al. (1978), Fingerman & Yamamoto (1967), Fingerman & Fingerman (1976), Fingerman & Fingerman (1977), Fingerman & Fingerman (1978), Fingerman et al. (1979), Fish (1925), Fisher (1960), Fitz & Wiegert (1991), Fleeger (1980), Flores et al. (2013), Florkin (1960), Florkin (1960), Forward (1977), Forward & Cronin (1979), Forward et al. (2003), Fowler (1911), Fowler (1912), Frankenberg & Burbanck (1963), Fransen et al. (1997), Frey et al. (1973), Frey & Mayou (1970), Frith & Brunenmeister (1980), Gamble & Lovell (2011), Garcia (2001), Gardner (1990), Gardner et al. (1987), Gardner et al. (1992), Gardner et al. (1988), George et al. (1957), Geraert (2013), Gerstaecker & Ortmann (1901), Ghidalia (1985), Gibbes (1850), Gibbs (1974), Gibbs & Bryan (1972), Giblin et al. (1980), Giblin et al. (1983), Giblock & Crain (2013), Gilles & Péqueux (1983), Gould (1841), Govind & Atwood (1982), Grahame (1983), Grant & Eisen (1980), Grant et al. (1981), Grant et al. (1980), Grant et al. (1983), Grant (1992), Gray (1942), Gray (1957), Grebel & Weis (1990), Green (1964), Green (1967), Green (1969), Green (1970), Green & Neff (1969), Green & Neff (1972), Greenaway (1988), Greenspan (1975), Greenspan (1980), Grimes (1976), Grunbaum (2014), Guchardi & Govind (1990), Guimond et al. (2020), Guinot-Dumortier & Dumortier (1960), Gulmann & Mullineaux (2001), Günther (1963), Gurney (1960), Guyselman (1950), Guyselman (1953), Haefner (1985), Hailman (1977), Haines (1976), Haines (1976), Haines & Montague (1979), Hammerstein (1981), Hannan & Evans (1973), Hanson et al. (2002), Hanström (1935), Hanumante et al. (1984), Hanumante & Fingerman (1981), Hanumante & Fingerman (1981), Hanumante & Fingerman (1982), Hanumante & Fingerman (1982), Hanumante & Fingerman (1982), Hanumante & Fingerman (1982), Hanumante & Fingerman (1982), Hanumante & Fingerman (1982), Hanumante et al. (1981), Harkema & Miller (1962), Harrington & Bidlingmayer (1958), Hartnoll (1969), Hartnoll (1982), Hartnoll (1985), Hartnoll (1988), Hartnoll (1988), Hartnoll (1988), Hay & Shore (1915-1916), Hazlett (1972), Headstrom (1979), Heard (1970), Heard (1975), Heard (1976), Heard (1977), Heard (1982), Heard (1982), Heard & Overstreet (1983), Hedgpeth (1950), Hediger (1934), Hegarty & Kight (2014), Heilprin (1888), Heit (1974), Herbst (1782), Herklots (1861), Herman & Dallmann (1975), Herreid (1969), Herreid (1969), Herreid & Full (1988), Herrick (1887), Herrnkind (1966), Herrnkind (1968), Herrnkind (1968), Herrnkind (1968), Herrnkind (1972), Herrnkind (1983), Hilgendorf (1869), Hines (1982), Hines (1953), Hines (1954), Hippensteel & Martin (2001), Hoadley (1937), Hockett & Kritzler (1972), Hoffert et al. (1975), Holmes (1908), Holthuis (1956), Holthuis (1959), Honegger (1973), Honegger (1973), Honegger (1976), Hopkins (1985), Horch & Salmon (1969), Horch et al. (1980), Horch et al. (2002), Houser & Epifanio (2009), Howell (1932), Hsiang & Premuzic (1975), Hugie (2004), Hunter & Feller (1987), Hunter (1952), Hunter & Vernberg (1953), Huxley (1924), Huxley (1924), Huxley (1927), Huxley (1932), Huxley & Callow (1933), Hwang & Oswald (1982), Hyatt (1973), Hyatt (1974), Hyatt (1975), Hyatt (1977), Hyatt (1977), Hyatt & Salmon (1978), Hyatt & Salmon (1979), Hyatt et al. (1979), Hyman (1920), Hyman (1920), Hyun et al. (2003), Hyun et al. (2007), ICZN (1959), Idaszkin et al. (2013), Ives (1891), Iwaniec et al. (2021), Jansen (1970), Jaroensutasinee & Jaroensutasinee (2004), Jaroensutasinee & Tantichodok (2002), Jennings & Rainbow (1979), João & Pinheiro (2019), Johnson (1974), Johnson (1985), Johnson (2014), Johnson et al. (1990), Johnston & Bildstein (1986), Johnston & Bildstein (1990), Johnston et al. (1984), Jones (1980), Jones (1968), Jones & Epifanio (1995), Jones & Epifanio (2005), Jones et al. (2011), Juarrero de Varona & Ortiz (2003), Karthikeyan P. (1995), Katz (1980), Kawamura et al. (2020), Keller (1977), Kerwin (1971), Kight & George (2018), Kingsley (1878), Kingsley (1879), Kingsley (1880), Kingsley (1880), Klaas & Belisle (1977), Klaassen & Ens (1993), Klein & Lincer (1974), Kleinholz (1936), Kleinholz (1942), Kleinholz (1961), Kleinholz (1970), Kleinholz (1985), Kleinholz & Bourquin (1941), Kleinholz & Bourquin (1941), Kleinholz & Kimball (1965), Kneib et al. (1980), Knopf (1966), Ko & Kim (1989), Kochey (2013), Koretsky et al. (2002), Koretsky et al. (2002), Korte (1966), Kraeuter (1976), Kraeuter & Haven (1970), Kraeuter & Wolf (1974), Kraus (1982), Krebs (1976), Krebs & Burns (1977), Krebs & Valiela (1978), Krebs et al. (1974), Krishnakumaran & Schneiderman (1970), Krishnan (1990), Krishnan (1990), Krishnan (1992), Kulkarni & Fingerman (1986), Kulkarni & Fingerman (1992), Kunze (1963), Kurata (1970), Lacerda (1976), Lacerda & McNamara (1983), Lamarck (1838), Lambert & Crowe (1973), Lambert & Crowe (1976), Lambert & Fingerman (1976), Lambert & Fingerman (1978), Lambert & Epifanio (1982), Land & Layne (1994), Lane & Darnell (2020), Langdon (1971), Latreille (1802-1803), Latreille (1817), Latreille (1820), Lawson (1709), Lawson (1714), Lawson (1860), Lawson (1903), Lawson (1937), Layne et al. (1997), Le Conte (1855), Lee et al. (1995), Lee & Weis (1980), Lee et al. (1982), Lee et al. (1981), Lehmann et al. (1974), Leidy (1855), Leidy (1888), Leija-Tristán et al. (1990), Lesser et al. (1976), Levinton & Judge (1993), Levinton et al. (1995), Levinton et al. (1996), Linnaeus (1758), Linnaeus (1763), Linnaeus (1766), Lira et al. (2006), Little & Epifanio (1991), Lochhead (1961), Lockwood (1967), Low & Ng (2012), Luederwaldt (1919), Maccagno (1928), Mace & McGraw (1985), Mace & Curran (2011), Macintosh (1978), Macnae (1968), Malzone et al. (1966), Mangum (1973), Mantel & Farmer (1983), Mantel & Levin (1973), Mantel & Olson (1976), Marganian & Wall (1972), Mariappan et al. (2000), Maris (1984), Maris & McConaugha (1983), Markham (2002), Marples (1966), Martin & Rindsberg (2008), Martin & Rindsberg (2010), Martínez (2004), Martins et al. (1959), Mattson (1988), Maurer et al. (1978), Mayer (1905), McCarty et al. (1985), McConnell & Shelby (1970), McEnerney & Davis (1979), McMahon & Burggren (1988), McNamara (1981), McNamara & Moreira (1983), Meanley & Wetherbee (1962), Megušar (1908), Megušar (1912), Meiss & Norman (1977), Michaels & Zieman (2013), Miller (1961), Miller (1969), Miller (1973), Miller & Vernberg (1967), Miller & Vernberg (1968), Miller & Maurer (1973), Miller et al. (2013), Milne Edwards (1837), Milne Edwards (1837), Milne Edwards (1852), Milne Edwards (1854), Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1923), Mittenthal (1985), Mohrherr (1987), Mokhlesi et al. (2011), Montague (1980), Moomaw et al. (2018), Moore (1991), Moore et al. (1968), Morgan (1904), Morgan (1920), Morgan (1921), Morgan (1923), Morgan (1923), Morgan (1924), Mraz et al. (2005), Mulstay (1987), Muraoka (1976), Myrberg (1972), Nagabhushanam (1964), Nagabhushanam et al. (1979), Nagabhushanam & Rao (1967), Nakasone (1982), Nalbach et al. (1989), Naylor (1988), Ng et al. (2008), Nieto & McClary (2002), Nixon & Oviatt (1973), Nobili (1897), Novak & Salmon (1974), Nunnemacher (1966), O'Connor (1987), O'Connor (1989), O'Connor & Epifanio (1985), O'Connor & Judge (2010), Odhano et al. (2015), Odum (1957), Odum et al. (1969), O'Hara (1973), O'Hara (1973), Ohno et al. (2006), Oliveira (1939), Oliveira (1939), Oliveira & Custódio (1998), Olivier (1811), Olivier (1811), Olsvik et al. (2019), Oney (1954), Ono (1965), Orr (1955), Ortmann (1894), Ortmann (1897), Otani et al. (2023), Overstreet (1983), Packard (1881), Packard (2012), Palmer (1962), Palmer (1963), Palmer (1964), Palmer (1973), Pamatmat (1978), Pardi & Papi (1961), Passano (1953), Passano (1960), Paula (1989), Paula et al. (2004), Paulmier (1905), Pearse (1912), Pearse (1914), Pearse (1914), Pearse (1928), Pearse (1936), Pearse (1947), Pearse (1951), Peer et al. (2015), Peery et al. (1990), Péqueux et al. (1979), Pérez-González (1957), Peters (1955), Peterson & Howard (1987), Petit & Bildstein (1987), Petrone et al. (2005), Pezalla et al. (1978), Pfeiffer (1974), Pitts & Cowley (1974), Plumley et al. (1980), Pope (1995), Pope (1997), Powell (1962), Powers (1975), Powers (1975), Powers (1977), Powers (1979), Powers & Bliss (1983), Powers & Cole (1976), Przibram (1905), Przibram (1908), Przibram (1909), Przibram (1917), Quackenbush (1981), Quackenbush & Herrnkind (1981), Quackenbush & Herrnkind (1983), Quackenbush & Keeley (1988), Quattrochi & Lee (1984), Quinn (1980), Rafinesque (1817), Rao (1985), Rao et al. (1967), Rao et al. (1968), Rao & Fingerman (1968), Rao & Fingerman (1969), Rao et al. (1967), Rao et al. (1967), Rao et al. (1972), Rao & Nagabhushanam (1967), Rathbun (1897), Rathbun (1905), Rathbun (1918), Rathbun (1921), Rathbun (1933), Rathbun (1935), Rathbun (1884), Rawson & DeCoursey (1976), Rebach & French (1996), Reddy & Fingerman (1995), Reddy et al. (1997), Rees (1962), Reese & George (2018), Reichmuth et al. (2009), Reimold et al. (1975), Reinsel (1991), Reinsel (1992), Reinsel (1993), Reinsel (1994), Reinsel (1995), Richards (1931), Richards (1929), Riegner (1982), Ringold (1978), Ringold (1979), Rittschof et al. (1995), Roberts et al. (2015), Roberts et al. (2016), Robertson (1960), Robertson (1980), Robertson (1983), Robertson et al. (1980), Robertson et al. (1981), Robertson & Pfeiffer (1982), Rodríguez et al. (1997), Romero-Rodríguez et al. (2017), Rosenberg (1997), Rosenberg (2000), Rosenberg (2001), Rosenberg (2002), Rosenberg (2014), Rosenberg (2018), Rosenberg (2019), Rosenberg (2020), Rulison (2010), Rupp (2004), Rupp (2011), Rupp (2013), Rupp (2013), Rupp (2014), Ruppert & Fox (1988), Russell & Dierssen (2018), Sadowski et al. (2018), Sakura & Numata (2017), Salmon (1962), Salmon (1965), Salmon (1966), Salmon (1967), Salmon (1971), Salmon (1988), Salmon & Atsaides (1968), Salmon & Atsaides (1968), Salmon et al. (1979), Salmon & Horch (1972), Salmon & Horch (1973), Salmon & Horch (1976), Salmon et al. (1977), Salmon & Hyatt (1979), Salmon & Hyatt (1983), Salmon et al. (1978), Salmon & Stout (1962), Salmon & Zucker (1988), Sandeen (1950), Sandeen & Costlow (1961), Sandeen et al. (1954), Sandifer (1973), Sandifer (1975), Santoro & Koepp (1986), Saravanan et al. (2018), Sarojini et al. (1993), Sarojini (1966), Sastry (1983), Sastry (1983), Say (1817-1818), Schöne (1961), Schöne & Schöne (1963), Schramm (1867), Schwartz & Safir (1915), Schwartz & Safir (1915), Schwing (1981), Scott & Mote (1974), Sears (1990), Seed & Hughes (1997), Selander et al. (1971), Sendler (1912), Shafer & Hackney (1987), Shaganas Banu (2007), Shanks (1998), Sharma et al. (1987), Shields et al. (2015), Shih et al. (2016), Shisler & Jobbins (1977), Shivakumar (2008), Silliman et al. (2003), Silverthorn (1973), Silverthorn (1973), Silverthorn (1975), Silverthorn (1975), Silverthorn (1975), Skinner (1985), Skinner & Graham (1972), Skobe & Nunnemacher (1970), Skov & Hartnoll (2001), Smith (2013), Smith (1870), Smith (1870), Smith (1878), Smith & Miller (1973), Smyth (1980), Spencer et al. (1979), Spirito (1969), Spirito (1970), Spivak & Cuesta (2009), Staub & Fingerman (1984), Staub & Fingerman (1984), Stephens (1955), Stephens (1957), Stephens (1962), Stephens et al. (1956), Stephens & Schinske (1961), Stephens et al. (1964), Stephensen (1921), Steppe & Epifanio (2006), Stevens (2009), Stevens et al. (2013), Stevenson (1985), Stevenson & Adomako (1967), Stewart & Green (1968), Stillman & Green (1967), Stimpson (1859), Strasser & Felder (2001), Sullivan et al. (1983), Sullivan & Tentori (1981), Sullivan (1909), Summers (1967), Summers (1968), Sumner et al. (1911), Tabb & Manning (1961), Tagatz (1968), Takeda & Yamaguchi (1973), Talapatra et al. (2014), Tashian (1956), Tashian & Vernberg (1958), Taylor & Allanson (1993), Taylor & Calabrese (2018), Taylor (1988), Tazelaar (1933), Teal (1958), Teal (1959), Teal (1962), Teal & Carey (1967), Teissier (1960), Terada (1979), Thallwitz (1891), Thomas (2004), Thompson (1901), Thurberg et al. (1977), Thurman (1979), Thurman (1981), Thurman (2001), Tina et al. (2015), Tina et al. (2015), Tina et al. (2015), Tina et al. (2016), Tina et al. (2016), Tina et al. (2016), Tina et al. (2015), Tomkins (1944), Tomkins (1965), Trager (1957), Trinkaus-Randall (1982), Trott et al. (1995), Tucker et al. (1995), Tucker et al. (1997), Uhler (1878), Underwood et al. (2013), Unglaub (1971), Vacca (1973), Vacca & Fingerman (1975), Vale et al. (2015), Valiela et al. (1974), van Delft (1968), van Montfrans et al. (1990), Vanhöffen (1916), Vannini (1980), Vélez (1967), Vernberg (1955), Vernberg (1956), Vernberg (1959), Vernberg (1959), Vernberg (1960), Vernberg (1963), Vernberg (1969), Vernberg (1983), Vernberg (1987), Vernberg et al. (1977), Vernberg & Costlow (1966), Vernberg & Costlow (1966), Vernberg et al. (1977), Vernberg et al. (1978), Vernberg & Tashian (1959), Vernberg & Vernberg (1964), Vernberg & Vernberg (1966), Vernberg & Vernberg (1966), Vernberg & Vernberg (1967), Vernberg & Vernberg (1967), Vernberg & Vernberg (1969), Vernberg & Vernberg (1970), Vernberg & Vernberg (1973), Vernberg & Vernberg (1975), Vernberg (1975), Vernberg (1983), Vernberg & DeCoursey (1977), Vernberg et al. (1974), Vernberg et al. (1974), Vernberg et al. (1978), Vernberg & O'Hara (1972), Vernberg & Vernberg (1966), Vernberg & Vernberg (1966), Vernberg & Vernberg (1968), Vernberg & Vernberg (1968), Vernberg & Vernberg (1968), Vernberg & Vernberg (1972), Vernberg & Vernberg (1972), Vernberg & Vernberg (1974), Verrill (1873), Verrill (1908), Verrill & Smith (1874), Verwey (1930), Vigh & Fingerman (1985), Vogel & Kjerfve (1996), von Hagen (1961), von Hagen (1962), von Hagen (1967), von Hagen (1968), von Hagen (1970), von Hagen (1970), von Hagen (1970), von Hagen (1970), von Hagen (1975), von Hagen (1980), von Martens (1869), Vorsatz (2009), Vu et al. (2017), Wagner & Foreman (1981), Wald (1941), Waldichuk (1974), Wallace et al. (1967), Wanson et al. (1984), Ward & Busch (1976), Ward & Howes (1974), Ward et al. (1976), Warner (1977), Warwick et al. (2009), Wass (1961), Wass (1963), Wass (1965), Wayne (1906), Wayne (1922), Wear (1968), Weatherly (1976), Webb (1950), Webb (1960), Webb (1966), Webb (1971), Webb (1972), Webb (1976), Webb (1977), Webb et al. (1954), Webb & Brown (1958), Webb & Brown (1959), Webb & Brown (1961), Webb & Brown (1965), Webb et al. (1956), Webb & Stokes Lewis (1977), Weinstein et al. (1987), Weis (1976), Weis (1976), Weis (1976), Weis (1977), Weis (1977), Weis (1978), Weis (1978), Weis (1980), Weis (1985), Weis (2019), Weis et al. (2011), Weis et al. (1987), Weis et al. (1992), Weis et al. (1986), Weis et al. (1987), Weis & Kim (1986), Weis & Kim (1988), Weis & Mantel (1976), Weis & Perlmutter (1987), Weis & Perlmutter (1987), Weis & Weis (1979), Weis & Weis (1988), Weis & Weis (1992), Weis & Weis (2000), Weis et al. (1985), Weis et al. (2002), Weis et al. (1991), Weis et al. (1992), Weisberg & Lotrich (1982), Weissburg & Derby (1994), Weissburg et al. (1995), Welch et al. (1997), Welgus et al. (1982), Welsh (1961), Wenner et al. (1989), West et al. (2014), Weygoldt (1977), Wheeler (1978), White (1847), Whitelaw & Zajac (2002), Whiting & Moshiri (1974), Whitten & Martin (2014), Wilkens (1960), Wilkens & Fingerman (1965), Wilkins (1965), Williams (1965), Williams (1984), Williams & Duke (1979), Williams et al. (1980), Wilson et al. (1985), Windom et al. (1976), Winstead & Thurman (2006), Wolcott & Wolcott (1988), Wolf et al. (1975), Wolfrath (1993), Wolin et al. (1973), Wolvekamp & Waterman (1960), Wong et al. (1989), Woods et al. (1958), Wright & Roosenburg (1982), Wright et al. (1984), Wrona et al. (1995), Wunderlich et al. (2017), Xie & Gao (2009), Yamaguchi (1970), Yamaguchi (1971), Yamaguchi (1973), Yamaguchi (1977), Yeghissian & Darnell (2020), Yerkes (1901), Yoder et al. (2005), Young (1900), Young & Ambrose (1978), Young (1974), Young & Govind (1983), Zeleny (1905), Zeleny (1905), Zimmer et al. (1999), Zou & Bonvillain (2004), Zou & Fingerman (2000), Zucker (1973), Zucker (1974)

Entries marked with represent indirect references to location through citation.