Fiddler Crabs Home

North America

Approximate Coordinates
37.000000°N, 100.000000°W
The red marker indicates the coordinates used to represent this location, yellow markers all other locations contained within this location. Purple markers indicate fossil-only locations or sub-locations.

Includes Subareas

Currently Recognized Species

Names Which Have Been Used for This Area

Specific Names Which Have Been Used for This Area

References

Abbott (1913)*, Abbott & Dawson (1966)*, Abele & Kim (1986)*, Abramowitz (1936)*, Abramowitz (1937)*, Abramowitz (1937)*, Abramowitz (1938)*, Abramowitz (1940)*, Abramowitz & Abramowitz (1938)*, Abramowitz et al. (1944)*, Abramowitz & Abramowitz (1940)*, Abreu (1975)*, Ache (1982)*, Adams & Quay (1958)*, Adiyodi & Adiyodi (1970)*, Adiyodi (1985)*, Adiyodi (1988)*, Agassiz (?)*, Ahmed (1976)*, Ahmed (1978)*, Ahmed & Khan (1978)*, Aicher et al. (1983)*, Aicher & Tautz (1984)*, Aicher & Tautz (1990)*, Aikawa (1942)*, Al-Aidaroos (2013)*, Alcock (1900)*, Alleman & Guillen (2017)*, Allen & Levinton (2002)*, Allen & Levinton (2004)*, Allen et al. (1995)*, Allen & Curran (1973)*, Allen & Curran (1974)*, Allen (1976)*, Almeida et al. (2008)*, Almeida & Coelho (2008)*, Al-Musawi & Wagner (2012)*, Altevogt (1955)*, Altevogt (1955)*, Altevogt (1957)*, Altevogt (1957)*, Altevogt (1959)*, Altevogt (1962)*, Altevogt (1963)*, Altevogt (1964)*, Altevogt (1966)*, Altevogt (1969)*, Altevogt (1970)*, Altevogt & von Hagen (1964)*, Alvarez del Castillo C. et al. (1992)*, Andersen et al. (1990)*, Anderson et al. (2017)*, Andrews (1973)*, Aoki et al. (2003)*, Artal (2008)*, Arzola-González et al. (2010)*, Asano et al. (2019)*, Aschaffenburg (2008)*, Aschoff (1965)*, Aspey (1971)*, Aspey (1978)*, Atkinson & Naylor (1973)*, Aurivillius (1893)*, Avent (1974)*, Avent (1975)*, Ayanath & Raghavan (2021)*, Ayers (1938)*, Bachmann & Rheinsmith (1973)*, Balbort & Thurman (1997)*, Balci et al. (2014)*, Baldwin & Kirschener (1976)*, Baldwin & Kirschener (1976)*, Balss (1921)*, Barba et al. (2010)*, Barber et al. (1978)*, Barclay Terwilliger (1991)*, Barden & Koulish (1983)*, Barlow (1977)*, Barnard et al. (2010)*, Barnes (1975)*, Barnwell (1963)*, Barnwell (1966)*, Barnwell (1968)*, Barnwell (1968)*, Barnwell (1976)*, Barnwell (1982)*, Barnwell & Brown (1963)*, Barnwell & Stillman (1990)*, Barnwell & Thurman (1983)*, Barnwell et al. (1987)*, Bartell (1967)*, Bartell et al. (1971)*, Basan (1973)*, Basan & Frey (1977)*, Bate (1866)*, Bayley (1972)*, Becker & Hinsch (1982)*, Behre (1950)*, Beinlich & von Hagen (2006)*, Bell et al. (1978)*, Benetti & Negreiros-Fransozo (2003)*, Bennett (1963)*, Bennett & Brown (1959)*, Bennett & Brown (1959)*, Bennett et al. (1957)*, Bent (1926)*, Bergey & Weis (2006)*, Bergey & Weis (2007)*, Bergey & Weis (2008)*, Bergin (1981)*, Bertics & Ziebis (2009)*, Bertness (1992)*, Bildstein (1983)*, Bildstein (1984)*, Bildstein (1987)*, Bildstein et al. (1990)*, Bishop (1993)*, Blanquet (1968)*, Blewett et al. (2006)*, Bliss (1960)*, Bliss (1968)*, Bliss (1979)*, Bonfil et al. (1992)*, Boone (1929)*, Boone (1930)*, Boone (1934)*, Borgianini et al. (2005)*, Borgianini et al. (2007)*, Borgianini et al. (2007)*, Bosc (1802)*, Bott (1954)*, Bott (1973)*, Bourdon & Bowman (1970)*, Bouvier (1895)*, Bowerman (1977)*, Bowlus & Somero (1979)*, Breteler et al. (1981)*, Brett et al. (1959)*, Brickell (1737)*, Bright & Hogue (1972)*, Brodie (2004)*, Brodie & Godley (2006)*, Brodie & Staton (2004)*, Brodie & Staton (2003)*, Broghammer & Thurman (1996)*, Brookins & Epifanio (1985)*, Brousseau et al. (2003)*, Brown (1940)*, Brown (1948)*, Brown (1950)*, Brown (1950)*, Brown (1959)*, Brown (1960)*, Brown (1961)*, Brown et al. (1955)*, Brown et al. (1956)*, Brown et al. (1954)*, Brown et al. (1956)*, Brown & Cunningham (1941)*, Brown & Ederstrom (1940)*, Brown et al. (1954)*, Brown et al. (1953)*, Brown et al. (1955)*, Brown et al. (1949)*, Brown et al. (1949)*, Brown & Hines (1952)*, Brown & Jones (1949)*, Brown & Sandeen (1948)*, Brown et al. (1954)*, Brown et al. (1949)*, Brown & Scudamore (1940)*, Brown & Stephens (1951)*, Brown & Webb (1948)*, Brown & Webb (1948)*, Brown & Webb (1949)*, Brown et al. (1955)*, Brown et al. (1958)*, Brown et al. (1954)*, Brown et al. (1955)*, Brown & Loveland (1980)*, Brusca (1973)*, Brusca (1980)*, Buitendijk (1950)*, Bumpus (1898)*, Buranelli & Mantelatto (2019)*, Burgers (1958)*, Burkenroad (1947)*, Burnett & Infantino (1984)*, Burns (1976)*, Burns & Teal (1979)*, Bursey (1982)*, Bursey (1985)*, Burton (2015)*, Buscaino et al. (2015)*, Cain & Cohen (2014)*, Callahan & Weis (1983)*, Camacho et al. (2015)*, Cameron & Mangum (1983)*, Cammen et al. (1982)*, Cammen et al. (1980)*, Cammen et al. (1984)*, Campos & Campos (1989)*, Campos & Lopez (1998)*, Cano (1889)*, Carlisle & Knowles (1959)*, Carlson (1935)*, Carlson (1936)*, Catesby (1743)*, Chabot et al. (2016)*, Chace & Hobbs (1969)*, Chang & O'Connor (1983)*, Charniaux-Cotton & Payen (1985)*, Chavez & Cedillo (1999)*, Christiansen & Yang (1976)*, Christopher & Salmon (2005)*, Christy (1978)*, Christy (1979)*, Christy (1982)*, Chrzanowski & Cowley (1977)*, Chung et al. (1998)*, Chung et al. (1998)*, Clark (1896)*, Clark (1935)*, Claussen et al. (2008)*, Claybrook (1976)*, Claybrook (1983)*, Coelho (1994/1995)*, Coelho et al. (2008)*, Coelho & Coelho-Filho (1993)*, Coelho & Ramos (1972)*, Cohen & Kern (2012)*, Colby & Fonseca (1981)*, Coluccy et al. (2015)*, Conan (1985)*, Conde & Díaz (1985)*, Conn & Bechler (1996)*, Coohill (1982)*, Coohill et al. (1970)*, Coohill & Fingerman (1975)*, Coohill & Fingerman (1976)*, Cooper-Boemmels et al. (2001)*, Correia & Guimarães (2016)*, Cortes-Carrasco & del Socorro Garcia-Madrigal (2013)*, Costa et al. (2001)*, Costlow (1961)*, Costlow (1963)*, Coues (1871)*, Coventry (1944)*, Coward et al. (1970)*, Cowley & Chrzanowski (1979)*, Cowley & Chrzanowski (1980)*, Cowley & Frye (1978)*, Crane (1941)*, Crane (1943)*, Crane (1943)*, Crane (1943)*, Crane (1944)*, Crane (1957)*, Crane (1958)*, Crane (1975)*, Crawford et al. (1989)*, Cremonte et al. (2007)*, Cripe & Livingston (1977)*, Croker & Wilson (1965)*, Croll & Klinger (1994)*, Croll & McClintock (2000)*, Croll & McClintock (2000)*, Crotty et al. (2020)*, Curran & Martin (2003)*, Dall (1971)*, Dame & Vernberg (1973)*, Dame & Vernberg (1978)*, Darbonne & Heagler (1998)*, Darby (1935)*, Darby (1935)*, Darley (1985)*, Darley et al. (1981)*, Darnell et al. (2012)*, Darnell (1959)*, Davis (1978)*, Davis & Costlow (1974)*, Davis & Hagadorn (1982)*, De (2000)*, De (2009)*, de Gibert et al. (2013)*, De Haan (1833-1850)*, De Kay (1844)*, De la Cruz (1973)*, de la Cruz & Davidson (1983)*, De Man (1887-1888)*, De Santo (1992)*, De Santo et al. (1997)*, de Vries & Forward (1988)*, de Vries & Forward (1990)*, Dean & Vernberg (1965)*, Dean & Vernberg (1966)*, DeCoursey (1976)*, DeCoursey (1979)*, DeCoursey (1980)*, DeCoursey (1981)*, DeCoursey (1983)*, DeCoursey & Vernberg (1972)*, Deecaraman & Milton (1992)*, del Castillo et al. (2015)*, Dembowski (1925)*, Dembowski (1926)*, Démeusy (1957)*, Denger & Tankersley (2005)*, DePew & Towle (1979)*, deRivera (2000)*, Desmarest (1823)*, Desmarest (1825)*, Detto et al. (2004)*, Devi et al. (1993)*, Devi (1987)*, Devi & Rao (1989)*, Devi & Rao (1989)*, Dexter (1985)*, Dietrich (1979)*, Dircksen et al. (1988)*, Dircksen et al. (1987)*, Dittel & Epifanio (1982)*, Dittel et al. (2000)*, Doflein (1899)*, Doherty (1982)*, Domínguez Alonso (2008)*, Dores & Herman (1980)*, Dores & Herman (1981)*, dos Santos et al. (2019)*, Dreher et al. (2015)*, Dubofsky-Porter et al. (2017)*, Dudley & Judy (1971)*, Dukes et al. (2004)*, Dukes et al. (2004)*, Dumortier (1963)*, Dumortier (1963)*, Duncker (1903)*, Dunham & Gilchrist (1988)*, Dunn et al. (1990)*, Duobinis-Gray & Hackney (1982)*, Duval (1994)*, Duval (1995)*, Duval (1996)*, Duval & Rittschof (1997)*, Dybas (2018)*, Eastman-Reks & Fingerman (1984)*, Eastman-Reks & Fingerman (1985)*, Eberhardt (1966)*, Edney (1960)*, Edney (1961)*, Edwards (1950)*, Eisen et al. (1970)*, Eisen et al. (1973)*, Eisen & Jeffrey (1969)*, El Serehy et al. (1994)*, Elango (1990)*, Ellis & Claybrook (1979)*, Ellis & Claybrook (1980)*, Emmerson (1990)*, Emmerson (1994)*, Engel (1973)*, Engel et al. (1971)*, Enright (1965)*, Epifanio (1988)*, Epifanio (1988)*, Epifanio et al. (1988)*, Epifanio et al. (2013)*, Eshky (1992)*, Estampador (1937)*, Estampador (1959)*, Evans et al. (1976)*, Everest (1978)*, Everest & Davis (1979)*, Fabricius (1775)*, Fang et al. (2013)*, Farhadi et al. (2020)*, Farron et al. (2020)*, Faxon (1895)*, Feest (1969)*, Felder et al. (2009)*, Felder et al. (1985)*, Felgenhauer & Abele (1983)*, Félix-Pico et al. (2003)*, Fell et al. (2003)*, Fell & Williams (1985)*, Fernandes et al. (2020)*, Ferraris & Norenburg (1997)*, Fielder et al. (1971)*, Fielder et al. (1971)*, Fingerman (1955)*, Fingerman (1956)*, Fingerman (1956)*, Fingerman (1957)*, Fingerman (1957)*, Fingerman (1959)*, Fingerman (1960)*, Fingerman (1965)*, Fingerman (1966)*, Fingerman (1970)*, Fingerman (1970)*, Fingerman (1973)*, Fingerman (1974)*, Fingerman (1988)*, Fingerman (1988)*, Fingerman & Bartell (1969)*, Fingerman & Bartell (1973)*, Fingerman et al. (1971)*, Fingerman & Couch (1967)*, Fingerman et al. (1966)*, Fingerman et al. (1966)*, Fingerman & Fingerman (1972)*, Fingerman & Fingerman (1974)*, Fingerman & Fingerman (1975)*, Fingerman & Fingerman (1977)*, Fingerman et al. (1974)*, Fingerman & Fitzpatrick (1956)*, Fingerman et al. (1981)*, Fingerman et al. (1981)*, Fingerman et al. (1981)*, Fingerman et al. (1985)*, Fingerman et al. (1998)*, Fingerman et al. (1974)*, Fingerman et al. (1994)*, Fingerman et al. (1958)*, Fingerman et al. (1963)*, Fingerman et al. (1964)*, Fingerman & Rao (1969)*, Fingerman & Rao (1969)*, Fingerman & Rao (1970)*, Fingerman et al. (1967)*, Fingerman et al. (1969)*, Fingerman & Rosenberg (1988)*, Fingerman et al. (1978)*, Fingerman & Yamamoto (1964)*, Fingerman & Yamamoto (1967)*, Fingerman (1985)*, Fingerman & Fingerman (1976)*, Fingerman & Fingerman (1977)*, Fingerman & Fingerman (1977)*, Fingerman & Fingerman (1978)*, Fingerman & Fingerman (1979)*, Fingerman & Fingerman (1980)*, Fingerman et al. (1979)*, Fish (1925)*, Fisher (1960)*, Fisk (1941)*, Fitz & Wiegert (1991)*, Fleeger (1980)*, Fleming et al. (1976)*, Flores et al. (2013)*, Florkin (1960)*, Florkin (1960)*, Ford & Feuerhelm (2020)*, Formanowicz & Brodie (1988)*, Forward (1977)*, Forward & Cronin (1979)*, Forward et al. (2003)*, Fotheringham & Brunenmeister (1975)*, Fowler (1911)*, Fowler (1912)*, Frankenberg & Burbanck (1963)*, Fransen et al. (1997)*, Frey et al. (1973)*, Frey & Mayou (1970)*, Frith & Brunenmeister (1980)*, Gäde (1979)*, Gamble & Lovell (2011)*, Garcia (2001)*, García-Madrigal et al. (2022)*, Gardner (1990)*, Gardner et al. (1987)*, Gardner et al. (1992)*, Gardner et al. (1988)*, Garth (1948)*, Garth (1957)*, Garth (1960)*, Garth & Abbott (1980)*, George et al. (1957)*, Geraert (2013)*, Gerstaecker & Ortmann (1901)*, Ghidalia (1985)*, Gibbes (1850)*, Gibbs (1974)*, Gibbs & Bryan (1972)*, Giblin et al. (1980)*, Giblin et al. (1983)*, Giblock & Crain (2013)*, Gilles & Péqueux (1983)*, Girish et al. (2015)*, Girish et al. (2017)*, Gismondi (2018)*, Gmitter & Wotton (1953)*, Gong et al. (2022)*, Gong et al. (2015)*, Gong et al. (2015)*, Gordillo et al. (2014)*, Goshima & Murai (1988)*, Gould (1841)*, Govind & Atwood (1982)*, Grahame (1983)*, Grant & Eisen (1980)*, Grant et al. (1981)*, Grant et al. (1980)*, Grant et al. (1983)*, Grant (1992)*, Gray (1942)*, Gray (1957)*, Grebel & Weis (1990)*, Green (1980)*, Green (1964)*, Green (1967)*, Green (1969)*, Green (1970)*, Green & Neff (1969)*, Green & Neff (1972)*, Green et al. (1959)*, Greenaway (1988)*, Greenspan (1975)*, Greenspan (1980)*, Grimes (1976)*, Grissell (1981)*, Gross (1955)*, Gross (1957)*, Gross (1961)*, Gross (1964)*, Grunbaum (2014)*, Guchardi & Govind (1990)*, Guillén-Hernández et al. (2008)*, Guillen-Hernández et al. (2013)*, Guimond et al. (2020)*, Guinot-Dumortier & Dumortier (1960)*, Gulmann & Mullineaux (2001)*, Günther (1963)*, Gurney (1960)*, Guyselman (1950)*, Guyselman (1953)*, Hackney & de la Cruz (1981)*, Haefner (1985)*, Hagen & Zou (2017)*, Hailman (1977)*, Haines (1976)*, Haines (1976)*, Haines & Montague (1979)*, Hammerstein (1981)*, Haney & Pope (2007)*, Hannan & Evans (1973)*, Hanson & Lagadic (2005)*, Hanson et al. (2002)*, Hanström (1935)*, Hanumante et al. (1984)*, Hanumante & Fingerman (1981)*, Hanumante & Fingerman (1981)*, Hanumante & Fingerman (1982)*, Hanumante & Fingerman (1982)*, Hanumante & Fingerman (1982)*, Hanumante & Fingerman (1982)*, Hanumante & Fingerman (1982)*, Hanumante & Fingerman (1982)*, Hanumante & Fingerman (1983)*, Hanumante et al. (1981)*, Harkema & Miller (1962)*, Harrington & Bidlingmayer (1958)*, Harris et al. (1998)*, Hartnoll (1969)*, Hartnoll (1982)*, Hartnoll (1985)*, Hartnoll (1988)*, Hartnoll (1988)*, Hartnoll (1988)*, Hawes & Perry (1978)*, Hay & Shore (1915-1916)*, Hazlett (1972)*, Headstrom (1979)*, Heard (1970)*, Heard (1975)*, Heard (1976)*, Heard (1977)*, Heard (1982)*, Heard (1982)*, Heard & Kinsella (1995)*, Heard & Overstreet (1983)*, Hedgecock et al. (1982)*, Hedgpeth (1950)*, Hedgpeth (1953)*, Hediger (1934)*, Hegarty & Kight (2014)*, Heilprin (1888)*, Heit (1974)*, Heit & Fingerman (1975)*, Hendrickx (1979)*, Hendrickx (1984)*, Hendrickx (1993)*, Hendrickx (1995)*, Hendrickx (2005)*, Hendrickx & Salgado-Barragán (1992)*, Herbst (1782)*, Herklots (1861)*, Herman & Dallmann (1975)*, Hernández Aguilera et al. (1996)*, Hernández Roa et al. (2009)*, Herreid (1969)*, Herreid (1969)*, Herreid & Full (1988)*, Herrick (1887)*, Herrnkind (1966)*, Herrnkind (1968)*, Herrnkind (1968)*, Herrnkind (1968)*, Herrnkind (1972)*, Herrnkind (1983)*, Hilgendorf (1869)*, Hines (1982)*, Hines (1953)*, Hines (1954)*, Hinton (1969)*, Hippensteel & Martin (2001)*, Hoadley (1937)*, Hockett & Kritzler (1972)*, Hoffert et al. (1975)*, Holliman (1978)*, Holmes (1900)*, Holmes (1904)*, Holmes (1908)*, Holthuis (1954)*, Holthuis (1956)*, Holthuis (1959)*, Holthuis (1967)*, Holthuis (1979)*, Honegger (1973)*, Honegger (1973)*, Honegger (1976)*, Hopkins (1983)*, Hopkins (1985)*, Hopkins (1985)*, Horch & Salmon (1969)*, Horch et al. (1980)*, Horch et al. (2002)*, Horlick & Subrahmanyam (1983)*, Hotard & Zou (2013)*, Hotard & Zou (2008)*, Houser & Epifanio (2009)*, Howell (1932)*, Hsiang & Premuzic (1975)*, Hubbard & Dugan (1989)*, Hugie (2004)*, Hunter & Feller (1987)*, Hunter (1952)*, Hunter & Vernberg (1953)*, Hutton (1964)*, Huxley (1924)*, Huxley (1924)*, Huxley (1927)*, Huxley (1932)*, Huxley & Callow (1933)*, Hwang & Oswald (1982)*, Hyatt (1973)*, Hyatt (1974)*, Hyatt (1975)*, Hyatt (1977)*, Hyatt (1977)*, Hyatt & Salmon (1978)*, Hyatt & Salmon (1979)*, Hyatt et al. (1979)*, Hyman (1920)*, Hyman (1920)*, Hyun et al. (2003)*, Hyun et al. (2007)*, ICZN (1959)*, Idaszkin et al. (2013)*, Ives (1891)*, Iwaniec et al. (2021)*, Jacob (1988)*, Jansen (1970)*, Jaroensutasinee & Jaroensutasinee (2003)*, Jaroensutasinee & Jaroensutasinee (2004)*, Jaroensutasinee & Tantichodok (2002)*, Jennings & Rainbow (1979)*, João & Pinheiro (2019)*, Johnson (1974)*, Johnson (1985)*, Johnson (2014)*, Johnson & Snook (1927)*, Johnson et al. (1990)*, Johnston & Bildstein (1986)*, Johnston & Bildstein (1990)*, Johnston et al. (1984)*, Jones (1980)*, Jones (1968)*, Jones (1941)*, Jones & Epifanio (1995)*, Jones & Epifanio (2005)*, Jones et al. (2011)*, Josefsson (1983)*, Juarrero de Varona & Ortiz (2003)*, Kaiser & Lehmann (1975)*, Karthikeyan P. (1995)*, Katz (1980)*, Kawamura et al. (2020)*, Keeratipattarakarn et al. (2020)*, Keller (1977)*, Keller & Andrew (1973)*, Kellogg (1929)*, Kerstitch (1989)*, Kerwin (1971)*, Kight & George (2018)*, Kingsley (1878)*, Kingsley (1879)*, Kingsley (1880)*, Kingsley (1880)*, Kinne (1963)*, Kinsella (1974)*, Kinsella (1988)*, Klaas & Belisle (1977)*, Klaassen & Ens (1993)*, Klein & Lincer (1974)*, Kleinholz (1936)*, Kleinholz (1942)*, Kleinholz (1961)*, Kleinholz (1970)*, Kleinholz (1985)*, Kleinholz & Bourquin (1941)*, Kleinholz & Bourquin (1941)*, Kleinholz & Kimball (1965)*, Kneib et al. (1980)*, Knopf (1966)*, Ko & Kim (1989)*, Kochey (2013)*, Koretsky et al. (2002)*, Koretsky et al. (2002)*, Korte (1966)*, Kraeuter (1976)*, Kraeuter & Haven (1970)*, Kraeuter & Wolf (1974)*, Kraus (1982)*, Krebs (1976)*, Krebs & Burns (1977)*, Krebs & Valiela (1978)*, Krebs et al. (1974)*, Krishnakumaran & Schneiderman (1970)*, Krishnan (1990)*, Krishnan (1990)*, Krishnan (1992)*, Kuhapong et al. (2021)*, Kulkarni & Fingerman (1986)*, Kulkarni & Fingerman (1986)*, Kulkarni & Fingerman (1987)*, Kulkarni & Fingerman (1991)*, Kulkarni & Fingerman (1992)*, Kulkarni & Milton (1986)*, Künckel d'Herculaïs (1890)*, Kunze (1963)*, Kurata (1970)*, Kushan (1979)*, Lacerda (1976)*, Lacerda & McNamara (1983)*, Lamarck (1838)*, Lambert & Crowe (1973)*, Lambert & Crowe (1976)*, Lambert & Fingerman (1976)*, Lambert & Fingerman (1978)*, Lambert & Epifanio (1982)*, Lanchester (1900)*, Land & Layne (1994)*, Landsperger et al. (1981)*, Landstorfer & Schubart (2010)*, Lane & Dodge (1958)*, Lane & Darnell (2020)*, Langdon (1971)*, Latreille (1802-1803)*, Latreille (1817)*, Latreille (1820)*, Lawson (1709)*, Lawson (1714)*, Lawson (1860)*, Lawson (1903)*, Lawson (1937)*, Laxmyr (1984)*, Layne et al. (1997)*, Lazarus-Agudelo & Cantera-Kintz (2007)*, Le Conte (1855)*, Lecroisey et al. (1987)*, Lecroisey & Keil (1985)*, Lecroy & Wagner-Merner (1976)*, Lee et al. (1995)*, Lee & Weis (1980)*, Lee et al. (1982)*, Lee et al. (1981)*, Lee et al. (1981)*, Lehmann (1976)*, Lehmann et al. (1974)*, Leidy (1855)*, Leidy (1888)*, Leija-Tristán et al. (1990)*, Lemaitre & Alvarez León (1992)*, Lesser et al. (1976)*, Lesueur et al. (2013)*, Levinton & Judge (1993)*, Levinton et al. (1995)*, Levinton et al. (1996)*, Li et al. (2014)*, Liñán-Cabello et al. (2002)*, Linnaeus (1758)*, Linnaeus (1763)*, Linnaeus (1766)*, Lira et al. (2006)*, Little & Epifanio (1991)*, Liu & Laufer (1996)*, Lochhead (1961)*, Lockington (1877)*, Lockwood (1962)*, Lockwood (1967)*, López-Duarte & Tankersley (2009)*, Lotz et al. (1995)*, Low & Ng (2012)*, Lucu (1990)*, Luederwaldt (1919)*, Luo et al. (2015)*, Luo et al. (2020)*, Maccagno (1928)*, Mace & McGraw (1985)*, Mace & Curran (2011)*, Macintosh (1978)*, Macnae (1968)*, Malzone et al. (1966)*, Mangum (1973)*, Mantel & Farmer (1983)*, Mantel & Levin (1973)*, Mantel & Olson (1976)*, Manwell & Baker (1963)*, Marganian & Wall (1972)*, Mariappan et al. (2000)*, Maris (1984)*, Maris & McConaugha (1983)*, Markham (2002)*, Marples (1966)*, Martin & Rindsberg (2008)*, Martin & Rindsberg (2010)*, Martínez (2004)*, Martins et al. (1959)*, Mason & Zengel (1996)*, Mattson & Spaziani (1985)*, Mattson (1988)*, Maurer et al. (1978)*, Mayer (1905)*, McCarty et al. (1985)*, McConnell & Shelby (1970)*, McDermott & Pope (2010)*, McEnerney & Davis (1979)*, McFadden & Thurman (2003)*, McKenney et al. (1996)*, McMahon & Burggren (1988)*, McNamara (1981)*, McNamara & Moreira (1983)*, McNease & Joanen (1977)*, Meanley & Wetherbee (1962)*, Megušar (1908)*, Megušar (1912)*, Meiss & Norman (1977)*, Menzies & George (1972)*, Meyerriecks (1965)*, Michaels & Zieman (2013)*, Miers (1886)*, Miller (1961)*, Miller (1969)*, Miller (1973)*, Miller & Vernberg (1967)*, Miller & Vernberg (1968)*, Miller & Maurer (1973)*, Miller et al. (2013)*, Milne Edwards (1837)*, Milne Edwards (1837)*, Milne Edwards (1852)*, Milne Edwards (1854)*, Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1923)*, Minello et al. (1994)*, Mittenthal (1985)*, Mohrherr (1987)*, Mokhlesi et al. (2011)*, Montague (1980)*, Moomaw et al. (2018)*, Moore (1991)*, Moore et al. (1968)*, Morgan & McAfee (1993)*, Morgan (1904)*, Morgan (1920)*, Morgan (1921)*, Morgan (1923)*, Morgan (1923)*, Morgan (1924)*, Moscoso (2012)*, Moscoso (2013)*, Mraz et al. (2005)*, Mulstay (1987)*, Muraoka (1976)*, Myrberg (1972)*, Naderloo et al. (2010)*, Nagabhushanam (1964)*, Nagabhushanam et al. (1979)*, Nagabhushanam & Rao (1967)*, Nagaraju & Reddy (2002)*, Naiditch et al. (2001)*, Nakasone (1982)*, Nalbach et al. (1989)*, Nässel et al. (1993)*, Nässel et al. (1991)*, Naylor (1988)*, Neck (1987)*, Nelson & Hedgecock (1980)*, Neuffer et al. (2001)*, Ng et al. (2008)*, Nicou (1959)*, Nicou (1960)*, Nieto & McClary (2002)*, Nimmo et al. (1971)*, Nixon & Oviatt (1973)*, Nobili (1897)*, Nobili (1899)*, Nobili (1899)*, Nobili (1901)*, Nobili (1906)*, Nobili (1906)*, Novak & Salmon (1974)*, Nunnemacher (1966)*, O'Brien (1999)*, Ochs et al. (2020)*, O'Connor (1987)*, O'Connor (1989)*, O'Connor & Epifanio (1985)*, O'Connor & Judge (2010)*, Ocorr & Berlind (1983)*, Odhano et al. (2015)*, Odhano et al. (2022)*, Odum (1957)*, Odum et al. (1969)*, O'Hara (1973)*, O'Hara (1973)*, Ohno et al. (2006)*, Oliveira (1939)*, Oliveira (1939)*, Oliveira & Custódio (1998)*, Olivier (1811)*, Olivier (1811)*, Olsvik et al. (2019)*, Oney (1954)*, Ono (1965)*, Orr (1955)*, Ortega et al. (2022)*, Ortmann (1894)*, Ortmann (1897)*, Otani et al. (2023)*, Overstreet (1983)*, Overstreet & Heard (1978)*, Packard (1881)*, Packard (2012)*, Palmer (1962)*, Palmer (1963)*, Palmer (1964)*, Palmer (1973)*, Pamatmat (1978)*, Pardi & Papi (1961)*, Passano (1953)*, Passano (1960)*, Paula (1989)*, Paula et al. 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Entries marked with * are inferred from subareas.